A Scalable Spatial Index Model for Multi-Dimensional Geographic Databases

International Journal of Computer Science and Technology Vol. 3, No. 4, April 2001 | pp. 25–32

DOI: 10.46882/2001/IJCST/000028

Research Article

Title: A Scalable Spatial Index Model for Multi-Dimensional Geographic Databases

Names of Authors: John A. Smith¹, Mariam O. Alabi²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Department of Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, USA; ²Department of Information Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria.

Abstract:
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) require efficient multidimensional database indexing structures to execute complex spatial overlap and proximity queries quickly. Standard bounding-box index methods experience extreme leaf overlap bottlenecks as spatial object densities expand, causing severe query processing latencies. This paper introduces an optimized multi-dimensional indexing model, Balanced Cell-Split (BCS), designed for high-density spatial layouts. The proposed framework divides complex geographical vectors into dynamic, non-overlapping hierarchical cells using a localized coordinate quadrant matching scheme. We evaluated query execution speeds across an experimental database containing 50 million unique geographic polygons under varying query densities. Experimental results demonstrate a reduction in average query retrieval latency by 24.5% and an increase in overall indexing resource efficiency by 18.2% compared to traditional R-tree and quad-tree indexing structures. The storage footprint required for index paths dropped linearly with dataset scaling, establishing a reliable database template for modern spatial mapping technologies.

Keywords: Spatial Databases, Geographic Information Systems, Index Optimization, Multi-Dimensional Data, Query Latency, Data Structures.

Manuscript Timeline: Received: January 10, 2001; Revised: February 22, 2001; Accepted: March 12, 2001; Published: April 22, 2001.

Citation: Smith, J. A., & Alabi, O. M. (2001). A Scalable Spatial Index Model for Multi-Dimensional Geographic Databases. International Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 3(4), 25–32.

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