Synthesis, Microcharacterization, and Antifungal Profiles of Novel Ethambutol-Based Transition Metal Complexes

International Journal of Chemistry | Vol. 14, No. 9, September 2023 | pp. 65–72

DOI: 10.46882/2023/IJC/000179

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: Synthesis, Microcharacterization, and Antifungal Profiles of Novel Ethambutol-Based Transition Metal Complexes

Names of Authors: A. A. Yusuf¹, P. K. Ghosh²*

Authors’ Affiliations:
¹Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
²Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.

Abstract: The emergence of drug resistance among opportunistic fungal strains requires the structural modification of classic drug structures via coordination to transition metal ions to boost clinical performance. This research outlines the synthesis, structural characterization, and in vitro antifungal testing of novel copper(II), nickel(II), and cobalt(II) complexes coordinated with ethambutol ligands. The synthesized coordination compounds were profiled utilizing elemental analysis, molar conductance measurements, magnetic susceptibility, and FT-IR spectroscopy. Analytical metrics established a 1:1 metal-to-ligand stoichiometric coordination pattern for all complexes, corresponding to a general structural configuration of [M(ETH)Cl₂], where ETH represents the neutral ethambutol molecule. Molar conductance tests in DMSO indicated a non-electrolytic nature. FT-IR spectra confirmed that ethambutol acts as a bidentate ligand, binding to the metal centers via the hydroxyl oxygen and the secondary amino nitrogen atoms. In vitro antifungal evaluation was conducted against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger isolates via the disk diffusion test. The copper(II)-ethambutol complex demonstrated a two-fold increase in mycelial growth inhibition compared to standalone uncoordinated ethambutol, which is explained via cell permeability and chelation principles.

Keywords: Ethambutol; Metal complexes; Antifungal activity; FT-IR spectroscopy; Candida albicans; Chelation theory

Manuscript Timeline: Received: February 12, 2022; Revised: March 20, 2022; Accepted: April 15, 2022; Published: September 09, 2023.

Citation: Yusuf, A. A., & Ghosh, P. K. (2023). Synthesis, Microcharacterization, and Antifungal Profiles of Novel Ethambutol-Based Transition Metal Complexes. International Journal of Chemistry, 14(9), 65–72.

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