ISSN 2756-3413
African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 2756-3413 Vol. 20 (6), pp. 001-007, June, 2026. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antifungal Properties and Characterization of Silver Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized via the Artocarpus heterophyllus Peel Mediated Method
Velu Manikandan1, Pyong-In Yi2, Palanivel Velmurugan1, Palaniyappan Jayanthi3, Sung-Chul Hong2, Seong-Ho Jang2, Jeong-Min Suh2 and Subpiramaniyam Sivakumar2*
1Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, South Korea.
2Department of Bioenvironmental Energy, College of Natural Resource and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 627-706, Republic of Korea.
3Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Salem, 636011, Tamil Nadu, India.
Accepted 16 May, 2026
For the first time, the phytochemical fabrication of noble silver oxide nanoparticles was reported using Artocarpus heterophyllus rind extract as well as their characterization. The UV-vis absorption spectrum of the phytochemical-mediated reduced reaction mixture showed a surface plasmon peak at 428 nm, which confirmed the presence of silver nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticle production was ideal at pH 9 with 2.0 mL jackfruit rind extract, Ag+ 1.0 mM and 180 min of reaction time. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated the presence of acids, esters, alcohols, pyrazine, etc. which can act as capping agents around the nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the face-centered cubic crystalline and the oxygen structure of metallic silver nanoparticles. The average diameter of silver nanoparticles is ~17 nm via high resolution transmission electron microscopy, which agrees with the average crystallite size (24.2 nm) calculated from X-ray diffraction analysis and selected area electron diffraction pattern. Of the five tested phytopathogens, the pathogens Phytophthora capsici, Colletotrichum acutatum and Cladosporium fulvum showed 8, 11 and 16 mm zones of inhibition against synthesized silver oxide nanoparticles at 200 μg/well, respectively.
Key words: Silver oxide, nanoparticle, antifungal, plant pathogen, optimization.