African Journal of Infectious Diseases Research

African Journal of Infectious Diseases Research ISSN 2756-3340 Vol. 11 (2), pp. 001-007, February, 2024. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Epidemiology and resistance patterns of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a major city in Burkina Faso

Dissinviel Stéphane Kpoda1,2*, Nathalie Guessennd6, Juste Isidore Bonkoungou1,2, Mohamed Baguy Ouattara6, Fernique Konan6, Abraham Ajayi7, Jacques Simpore1,5, Rasmata Ouedraogo1,4, Koiné Maxime Drabo2, Lassana Sangare1,3, Mireille Dosso6 and Alfred Traore1

1Laboratoire des Sciences Appliquées et Nutritionnelles (LabSAN), Université Ouaga 1 Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.

2Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, 09 BP 24, Ouagadougou 09, Burkina Faso.

3Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado OUEDRAOGO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.

4Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles De Gaulle, 01 BP 1198 Ouagadougou 01, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

5Hôpital Saint Camille de Ouagadougou, 09 BP 444, Ouagadougou 09, Burkina Faso.

6Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire, 01 BP 490, Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire.

7Department of Microbiology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos State, Nigeria.

Accepted 4 November, 2023

Abstract

Increasing bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents has become an issue of concern. A major problem of the treatment of infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae using antibiotics is the emergence of Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae. This study aims to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, and describe their resistance profile to other antibiotics commonly used in the infections treatment. 486 clinical strains of Enterobacteriaceae were obtained from patients attending three health centers in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) from November 2014 to October 2015. Biochemical identification was performed and antibiotics susceptibility test was performed using the disk diffusion method. Data was analyzed with the Excel and ANOVA one-way software GraphPad Prism version 5.01 software. Results revealed occurrence of Escherichia coli (60.9%, 194) predominated followed by Klebsiella spp. (22.4%, 109). Antibiotics susceptibility test revealed that 86.8% strains were resistant to amoxicillin, 81.3% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 61.9% to ceftriaxone, 58.6% to cefotaxime and 58.4% to cefepime. It was observed that 99.8% were susceptible to imipenem while 16.6% were resistant to fosfomycin and 12.3% to amikacin. However, 38.5% (187/486) of the strains were ESBL-producing, 67.9% (127/187) of which came from Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital Center, 23.5% (44/187) from Charles De Gaulle Paediatric University Hospital Center and 8.6% (16/187) from Saint Camille Hospital. This study thus showed a high prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Β-Lactamases producing Enterobacteriaceae strains in Ouagadougou (38.5%). It underlined the need for routine detection and systematic reporting of ESBL strains in different health facilities in Burkina Faso, so that measures could be taken to prevent their spread and treatment failures.

Key words: Enterobacteriaceae, Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamases (ESBL), Burkina Faso.