ISSN 2736-173X
African Journal of Malaria and Tropical Diseases ISSN 4123-0981 Vol. 3 (7), pp. 179-183, July, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study of the larvicidal properties of the essential oils of some aromatic plants against larvae of A. arabiensis and A. aegypti in the laboratory and anophelines in simulated field condition
*Gelila Haile Marcus1 Zenawi Marley1 and Abune Adere
1Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, 2Essential Oil Research Institute, Mekelle University, Mek'ele, Ethiopia.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 30 June, 2015
Abstract
The concern for environmental safety and increased development of resistance to chemical insecticides by major arthropod vectors is rekindling interest in the search for botanical products that may be used against major vectors. Essential oils of 11 local plants were evaluated for larvicidal activities against laboratory colonies of Anopheles arabiensis and Aedes aegypti early fourth instar larvae. Those oils which induced higher larvicidal activities in the laboratory were also evaluated in the field. In the laboratory, the LC50 values of the oils ranged from 17.5 to 85.9 ppm against A. arabiensis and from 9.1 to 67.8 ppm against A. aegypti. Similarly, the LC90 values of the oils ranged from 33.2 to 128.4 ppm and from 14.3 to 96.4 ppm against the respective mosquito species. However, Chenopodium ambrosioides Linnaeus oil with LC50 of 17.5 and 9.1 ppm against A. arabiensis and A. aegypti, respectively, and Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst oil with LC 50 of 20.9 and 8.6 ppm against A. arabiensis and A. aegypti, respectively, were the most effective oils. A. aegypti, were more sensitive to most oils than A. arabiensis larvae. Of the five essential oils which exhibited relatively strong larvicidal effects in the laboratory and further tested in the field against wild-collected anopheline larvae, the LC50 and LC 90 values ranged from 35 to 110 ppm, and from 63.7 to 162.9 ppm, respectively. O. lamiifolium and C. ambrosioides still induced the highest larvicidal effects with LC50 = 34 ppm; LC90 = 97. 9 ppm and LC50 = 47.3 ppm; LC90 = 97.9 ppm, respectively. However, it was revealed that laboratory bred mosquito larvae were more sensitive to the essential oils than wild-collected larvae.
Key words: Anopheles arabiensis, Aedes aegypti, essential oils, botanical larvicides.