International Journal of Physics | Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2013 | pp. 1–8
DOI: 10.46882/2013/IJP/000033
Research Article
Title: Non-Equilibrium Phase Transitions in Driven Dissipative Rydberg Atom Arrays
Names of Authors: F. K. Zimmermann¹, Y. S. Kim²
Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; ²Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
Abstract: Strongly interacting Rydberg atom systems offer an ideal platform for simulating quantum phases and exploring non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. This paper investigates non-equilibrium phase transitions occurring within a two-dimensional square lattice array of Rydberg atoms. The system is subjected to coherent laser driving fields alongside uniform spontaneous dephasing processes. The strong van der Waals interactions between high-lying Rydberg states induce a Rydberg blockade mechanism. We model the steady-state phase diagram using a cluster mean-field approximation paired with extensive tensor network simulations. The data reveal a clear phase boundary separating a spatially uniform steady state from an ordered antiferromagnetic crystal phase. This structural transition displays significant bistable hysteresis loops when tuning the laser amplitude parameters. The critical exponent beta, which governs the order parameter behavior near the transition point, is calculated as beta = 0.32 ± 0.02. This value deviates from standard equilibrium Ising universality class metrics. Furthermore, we show that introducing spatial noise to the laser field suppresses the bistable state region. It shifts the phase transition boundary toward higher driving frequencies. This work clarifies the roles of dissipation and quantum correlations in driven many-body systems.
Keywords: Rydberg atoms; non-equilibrium phase transition; Rydberg blockade; tensor network; bistability; hysteresis loop
Manuscript Timeline: Received: October 12, 2012; Revised: November 22, 2012; Accepted: December 10, 2012; Published: January 14, 2013
Citation: Zimmermann, F. K., & Kim, Y. S. (2013). Non-Equilibrium Phase Transitions in Driven Dissipative Rydberg Atom Arrays. International Journal of Physics, 4(1), 1–8.
Subscribe to read the full article: https://internationalscholarsjournals.org/subscribe-to-read